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A gentile who engages in Torah (part of the old testament) study is liable to receive the death penalty; as it is stated: “Moses commanded us a law [torah], an inheritance of the congregation of Jacob”, indicating that it is an inheritance for us, and not for them. […] this prohibition is included in the prohibition of robbery, as a gentile who studies Torah robs the Jewish people of it.

A gentile who engages in Torah study is liable to receive the death penalty; as it is stated: “Moses commanded us a law [torah], an inheritance of the congregation of Jacob”, indicating that it is an inheritance for us, and not for them. […] this prohibition is included in the prohibition of robbery, as a gentile who studies Torah robs the Jewish people of it.

Talmud, Sanhedrin 59a